Analysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula - 1474 Words

Your skin begins to wrinkle. Your hair turns gray. You become frail, thin and weak. All of these transformations inevitably occur in everyone’s body over time. But what remains the same in a person after all these years? Toni Morrison, in her novel Sula, suggests that our inner selves do not change as much as we think. Through a consistent emphasis on body parts, color, and physical appearance, Morrison illustrates the coexistence of change and stability that lie within each person’s body and identity. Though it appears that people can easily alter their identities to fit their desires, Morrison ultimately emphasizes that one’s identity does not change over time because one’s body prevents it from doing so. Throughout the novel, Morrison includes subtle character remarks which falsely imply that a person can change their identity. After Nel witnesses a man discriminate her mother during a train ride, Nel declares, â€Å"I’m not Nel. I’m me. Me† (28). Nel willingly refuses to have her name, which was assigned by her mother, restrict her from controlling who she can become. Instead of wanting to be known as â€Å"Nel†, she more so wants to be identified as a generic â€Å"me†. Morrison purposely emphasizes â€Å"me† to exude that me applies to everyone, thereby speaking directly to the readers and stressing that we can change to become an individualistic, unique version of â€Å"me†. In addition, Shadrack’s comment on Sula’s appearance also makes it seem that one’s identity will change. He recollectsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two girls share as a result of their juvene scence--or does it? In Toni Morrison s Sula, this scene, among others, appears at first to be both irrelevant to the novel’s underlying theme and out of place with regard to the rest of the plot. Yet, when analyzed further, the literary devices that Morrison uses in these scenes bring readers to a vastly different conclusion. These scenes serve as windows into the mind of Morrison and even into the larger themes present in the text. So, perhaps two girlsRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1631 Words   |  7 PagesFor Sula Peace and Nel Wright, in Sula, defining oneself in a pool of racism and varying moral standards is by no means challenging. Through a vivid and consistent emphasis of color and physical appearance, author Toni Morrison effectively outlines Sula and Nel’s attempts to comprehend and create their personal identities separate from the own mothers’ influences. Based on their situations, it appears that anyone can easily alter their characte r and self to fit their desires. However, Morrison ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1906 Words   |  8 PagesSula is written by Noble Prize winner in Literature, Toni Morrison. Morrison’s novels are known for their epic themes, dramatic dialogue, and opulently detailed characters. This novel contains originality and overflows with problematic situations that take place during the time after World War I. Sula opens up in a town called Bottom, which is mostly occupied by African Americans. This town is positioned, in the hills above the mostly white, wealthier community of Medallion, Ohio. This town hasRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula980 Words   |  4 Pageswho find themselves questioning. For there are choices and risks in every relationship. There are good and evil in each and everyone. In this time it is the 1900s set in Medallion, Ohio. Toni Morrison s Sula takes readers on a journey through pillars, betrayals and tragedies surrounding two girls; Nel Wright and Sula Peace. The Bottom originated from a master and a slave. After some arduous tasks, the slave was given a piece of land on top of the hills. This is where the black community settle onRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesOpposite and Similarity Attract in Sula Most of people find themselves attracted to someone very unlike them, a phenomenon called â€Å"opposites attract†. People are usually drawn to those whose personality, characteristics or habits are opposite to them because they are fascinated by the differences and are curious of exploring what they have never experienced before. Throughout history, many writers attempt to explore and investigate the cause of this absorbing human trait by analyzing their characters’Read MoreAnalysis Of Flaubert s Madame Bovary, Toni Morrison s Sula Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pagesbe broken if new circumstances occur. A contract can be voided by mutual consent.† In other words, the bond established by the man and the woman is an ongoing unending commitment to each another. In Gustave Flaubert’s â€Å"Madame Bovary,† Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Sula† and Kate Chopin’s two short stories â€Å"The Storm† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† we see disloyalty, complex love, misery, unfulfillment and importantly, infidelity supposed matrimony. In the story â€Å"Madame Bovary,† Emma’s marriage is dullRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Toni Morrisons Sula1464 Words   |  6 PagesMorrison’s novel Sula, takes place within a black community also referred to as the Bottom in Medallion, Ohio in the 1920’s. It’s a topsy turvy world. The once-useless land that a white man jeeringly provided for a dark man is currently being transformed into a socially attractive district for white individuals. However, this reversed request isnt only an amusing setting for the novel; it is a fundamental topic of the novel, for as Morrison has stated, Evil is as useful as good is although goodRead MoreSula Birthmark Analysis1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birthmark and Sula: Forced Identity Toni Morrison’s novel Sula, examines a wide range of topics, delving particularly into morality, the black female experience, and friendship. The narrative follows childhood best friends, Nel and Sula, as they navigate life in the Bottom, a black community in Ohio. Although inseparable as children, even undivided after accidentally killing a two-year-old boy, they follow divergent paths as adults. Nel leads a life of conformity; Sula does the opposite. AnRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved : Dehumanization Of Slavery And Its Effects On African Americans And Their Basic Forms Of1268 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved shows the dehumanization of slavery and its effects on African-Americans and their basic forms of existence—specifically motherhood. Morrison depicts the strong maternal bond between Sethe and her children. Most importantly, her use of Sethe’s controversial act of infanticide shows the lengths that Sethe will take to protect her child ren from slavery. Morrison’s depiction of Sethe’s motherhood shows how slavery has deconstructed the Eurocentric expectations and traditionsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Recitatif1135 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis Paper: â€Å"Recitatif† by Toni Morrison Many authors write fictional novels about historical events. A common topic written about is the racial integration between African Americans and whites during the 1950’s. Although the short story â€Å"Recitatif† explicate many different themes, the central topic of Morrison’s writing is about racism. Throughout the story, the author expresses examples of hatred between black and white races at the shelter, the different encounters they have, and

Comparing 1984 Vs. V For Vendetta - 1280 Words

1984 vs. V for Vendetta: Methods of Control in Two Dystopian Societies â€Å"If you want a picture of The Future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face - forever.† (280) These are the chilling words uttered by O’Brien to Winston Smith towards the end of George Orwell’s dystopian novel, 1984. This statement captures the brutality of Big Brother’s Party as the â€Å"boot† that strives to crush the human spirit. The crushing boot of the State is also apparent in the film V for Vendetta, in which the totalitarian Norsefire Party aims for complete domination over the bodies and minds of the State’s citizens. Both States use many similar strategies in controlling their citizens, but it is the Party in Orwell’s novel that goes much further in its desire for complete domination. While the governments in both the novel and the film control their citizens by manipulating information and promoting mass hysteria, the Party of Big Brother is the most sinister in its use of Newspeak as the ultimate tool of indoctrina tion. Both the governments in the film and the novel purposely manipulate their media to put forth a very specific version of the truth. The parties in both the novel and the film distort the truth, making â€Å"truth† a subjective matter, something that is not occurring, but created by the parties as a form of control over their citizens. They manipulate information so that â€Å"reality† and â€Å"truth† become what the government wishes it to be. In 1984, Winston Smith works at the Ministry ofShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesexamined only notable mistakes, and based on your favorable comments about recent editions, I have again included some well-known successes. While mistakes provide valuable learning insights, we can also learn from successes and find nuggets by comparing the unsuccessful with the successful. With the addition of Google and Starbucks, we have moved Entrepreneurial Adventures up to the front of the book. We have continued Marketing Wars, which many of you recommended, and reinstated Comebacks ofRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesApplications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive

Farenheit 451 Author And Original Year Of Publication

Rahul Bagga and Kaela Bautista Ms. Rittel English II HP, Period 2 08 May 2015 Honors English Novel Study Form Title: Fahrenheit 451 Author and Original Year of Publication: Bradbury, 1953 MLA citation: Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Ballantine Publishing, 1978. Print. Pertinent biographical information on author (must include a citation that matches the Works Cited page): Ray Bradbury was born in Waukegan, Illinois on August 22, 1920. Bradbury chose the writer path at the age of twelve and thirteen where he later discovered the importance of writing and the library which supported him during The Great Depression. In 1934 his writing career started to rise becoming a member of the Los Angeles Science Fiction League resulting to him publishing four issues of his own magazines (â€Å"Ray Bradbury Biography†). Later on, Bradbury marries his wife Marguerite McClure in 1947 where his best fantasy work was displayed in magazines throughout the country. Today, Ray and Maggie Bradbury continue to live in Los Angeles. They have four daughters and eight grandchildren. Ray Bradbury still writes daily and occasionally lectures. At an age when most men rest in their home, Bradbury remains an active storyteller and contributor of clear answers to impossib le futures that could be prevented (â€Å"About Ray Bradbury†). One-paragraph plot outline: In the 21st century, all firemen get a new job of setting things on fire instead of extinguishing them. One of the fireman named Guy Montag

Review Of Dennett And Picard - 1006 Words

Dennett and Picard Zifei Li Dennett suggests writing a program or designing a robot that feels pain to initiate a more detailed pain experiment. The example of computer simulation of hurricane shows that to conduct a qualified simulation program requires a definite theory of the conditions and behaviors of the object to be simulated. First, we write a program according to the theory of pain, input the descriptions of conditions in text, then the computer types the descriptions of results in text. But this time it only gives an exterior behavior, so the program is modified to out the interior results including the reactions of C-fiber and heart rate. After some trials, the program’s feedback output has all the descriptions of neurophysiology and mentalistic psychology. Now we have simulated the external and internal causes and effects of pain, but not the pain itself. Then the program is rewritten to output ‘There is a pain ...’. After this move, the quality of the pain is also added to the d escriptions of results. However, we should aim the program to do, not to output descriptions, i.e. the challenge is to make a machine that indeed feels the pain rather than describe the feeling of pain. In this case, the describing system can be the control system for our new robot. Then the robot is attached to different objects like flywheel and flashing lights that can move and there we have a robot that technically reacts to a pain stimulation. When distinguishing if artificial

Pressure Management on a Supercritical Airfoil Free Essays

Pressure Management on a supercritical aerofoil in transonic flow Abstract-At transonic speeds an aerofoil will have flow accelerate onwards from the leading edge to sonic speeds and produce a shockwave over the surface of its body. One factor that determines the shockwave location is the flow speed. However, the shape of an aerofoil also has an influence. We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure Management on a Supercritical Airfoil or any similar topic only for you Order Now The experiment conducted compared Mach flow over a supercritical aerofoil (flattened upper surface) and a naca0012 aerofoil (symmetrical). Despite discrepancies, the experiment confirmed the aerodynamic performance of a supercritical aerofoil being superior to a conventional aerofoil. A comparison of the graphical distributions demonstrates the more even pressure distribution on a supercritical aerofoil and a longer delay in shockwave formation. All of which, reflects the theory. Table of Contents Introduction3 Apparatus3 Induction Wind Tunnel with Transonic Test Section3 Mercury Manometer4 Procedure4 Theory and Equations5 Results6 Discussion10 Theory of Transonic Flight10 Relating the Theory to the Experiment11 Effectiveness of Supercritical aerofoils†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Limitations and Improvements12 Appendix13 References14 Introduction For any object travelling through a fluid such as air, a pressure distribution over all of its surface exists which helps generate the necessary lift. Lift is an aerodynamic force which is perpendicular to the direction of the aerofoil. Transonic speeds result in the formation of shockwaves over the top surface of the aerofoil. This is due to accelerated flow over the surface region. We say this region is approximately between 0. 8-0. . Since the flow must accelerate and then will lose velocity following the shockwave the aerofoil will have a subsonic and sonic region. For the majority of commercial airlines this is not a desired region to cruise at given the instantaneous pressure distri bution which passengers would otherwise experience. Particularly, the formation of shock induced boundary layer separation. Supercritical aerofoils are more efficient designed for higher Mach speeds and drag reduction. They are distinct from conventional aerofoils by their flattened upper surface and asymmetrical design. The main advantage of this type of aerofoil is the development of shockwaves further away then traditional aerofoils and thus greatly reducing the shock induced boundary layer separation. In order to truly understand the effectiveness of a supercritical aerofoil an experiment gathering supercritical aerofoil performance and raw data of a naca0012 aerofoil will be extensively analysed and compared. Following the calculation and procedureit will be assessed whether a supercritical aerofoil is more effective. Apparatus A wind tunnel with a transonic test section was used in this experiment to study transonic flow around an aerofoil. The test section consists of liners which, after the initial contraction, are nominally parallel apart from a slight divergence to compensate for growth of the boundary layers on the wall. In order to reduce interference and blockage at transonic speeds, the top and bottom liners are ventilated by longitudinal slots backed by plenum chambers. The working section has a height and width of 178mm and 89mm respectively. The stagnation pressure, p0? in the tunnel is close to atmospheric pressure, and therefore it can be taken to be equal to the settling-chamber pressure as the errors are only small. To minimise the disturbance due to the model itself, the reference stagnation pressure, p? , is taken from a pressure tapping in the floor of the working-section, well upstream of the model. The nominal ‘free-stream’ Mach number, M? , in the tunnel can be calculated from the ratio p? /p0?. The Mach number in the tunnel can be controlled by varying the pressure of the injected air, pj. The maximum Mach number that the tunnel can achieve is about 0. 8 Mercury Manometer A multi-tube manometer with mercury was used to measure the pressure at stagnation, the aerofoil tappings and atmosphere. The manometer is equipped with a locking mechanism which allows the mercury levels to be ‘frozen’ so that readings can be taken once the flow has been stopped. Also, the angle of the manometer can be adjusted. For this experiment, it was set to 45 degrees (Motellebi, F. ,2012). Procedure Before conducting the experiment, the barometric pressure, Pat, was recorded, in inches of mercury and the atmospheric temperature, in degrees Celsius, was also recorded. For a range of  values of Pj from 10 – 110 lb/in2, in intervals of 20lb/in2, Pj was then recorded along with the manometer readings corresponding to stagnation pressure (I0? ), the reference static pressure (I? ), airfoil pressure tappings (In, n=1 to 8 and 3a) and the atmospheric pressure (Iat), all in inches of mercury (Motellebi, F. ,2012). Results- Raw data in appendix x/c Figure 1b Cp against x/c at M= 0. 85 Figure 1a -Cp against x/c at M=0. 85 The experimental data was converted to absolute pressure values using Equation x ( units are inches of mercury). For a given value of the pressure injector (Pinjector) we can find the value of the Mach number using Equation y. Also Equation Z calculates Cp( or pressure coefficents) which reflect the measurements of the surface of the aerofoil. These results are displayed in figure x. This was done for both the supercritical aerofoil and the NACCA 0012 aerofoil. What follows is a comparison and analysis of the data. ( Figure 2b Cp against x/c at Mach speed 0. 8 Figure 2a -Cp against x/c at Mach speed 0. 81 x/c x/c Figure 3b- -Cp against x/c at Mach speed 0. 72 Figure 3a –Cp against x/c at Mach speed 0. 3 Figure 4b –Cp against x/c at Mach speed 0. 61 Figure 4a –Cp against x/c at Mach speed 0. 61 Figure 5a- -Cp against x/c at Mach speed 0. 45 Figure 5b- -Cp against x/c at Mach speed 0. 44 Note that for both supercritical and naca0012 aerofoils the supercritical cases ( where M is equal to 0. 77, 0. 83 and 0. 840) the approximate value of x/c % where the shock occurs over the a erofoil is shown in red line. For the point below where Cp and the Cpcritical and hence the drop in Cp is greatest gives the location of where the shockwave occurs on the surface of the aerofoil. Cp and Cp* vs M? naca0012 aerofoil) Cp and Cp* vs M? (supercritical aerofoil) It is worth noting that for both the supercritical and Naca0012 aerofoil the results are somewhat similar. That is the critical Mach numbers for both are around 0. 72. Therefore the Minimum Mach number for a local shockwaves on both the supercritical and conventional aerofoil can be assumed to be the same. It is worth noting that Mach number 0. 41 for the supercritical aerofoil does not produce a shockwave, whereas the Naca0012 aerofoil does. Mach number| Supercritical Aerofoil Approx position of shock| naca0012 Approx position of shock| 0. 5| -| -| 0. 61| -| -| 0. 72-0. 73| -| 0. 25x/c%| 0. 85-0. 86| 0. 70x/c%| 0. 40x/c%| Basic transonic theory An aerofoil or any object for that matter travelling through a medium (air) at low Mach numbers ( typically between 0. 30-0. 40) has flow is subsonic and can be considered incompressible. This means that any change in pressure or density is significant. The speed of sound (a) is dependent on the altitude of the aerofoil/object and the Mach number M is the ratio of velocity: M=va , a=? RT ?is a specific heat ratio, T is thel absolute temperature and R is the gas constant. The combination of these two equations above leads to: M=v? RT Sound is essentially a series of consecutive weak pressure waves emitted from a given source. These waves travel at the local speed of sound. If we assume the aerofoil is travelling towards the source, the source can notice the disturbances beforehand giving enough time for flow to adjust around the object. When the source begins to approach near the speed of sound, pressure waves move closer together in front of the object, therefore inadequate information from the source/disturbance is propagated upstream and the flow will not be able to react in time. The pressure waves merge together to produce a shockwave in front of the object. The flow encountering the shockwave will experience changes in temperature, static pressure and gas density as well as a lower Mach number. The transonic region is special because although flight speed is below sonic speed as the information is propagated upstream on the surface of the aerofoil the flow accelerated to the speed of sound. Thus forming a shockwave over the aerofoil. The position of this shockwave depends on the initial entry speed to the aerofoil. Therefore what we have in the transonic region is an aerofoil which has sonic speeds early upstream and subsonic speed towards the end of the aerofoil or downstream. This means it is complicated to accurately analyse transonic flow over an aerofoil as a different set of equations must be used on the leading edge, upper surface and trailing edge. The critical upstream Mach number is the minimum value of a given Mach number for which a shockwave will be produced on the surface of an aerofoil. In other words, supersonic flow. Below this threshold a shockwave will not appear. Drag or the aerodynamic force in the transonic region again depends on the speed of the object travelling. At subsonic speeds the main component of drag are Skin friction, pressure drag and lift induced drag. At sonic speeds (approaching or exceeding) there is the addition of wave drag. The drag increases dramatically, and as a result a higher thrust is needed to sustain acceleration. Also, at this point the shockwave will interact with the boundary layer, thus causing it to separate upstream of the shock. Figure 6Demonstration of transonic flight-(Scott, J. , 2000) The aerofoils The two aerofoils Naca0012 and Supercritical aerofoil are different in design and purpose. The Naca0012 is a basic symmetrical aerofoil used primarily for rudder and elevator movements. Aerodynamic performance is not taken into consideration and is thus reflected by the simple aerodynamic design. It is worth noting that there are better aerofoils. The Supercritical aerofoil is a performance aerofoil designed for higher Mach speeds and drag reduction. They are distinct from conventional aerofoils by their flattened upper surface and asymmetrical design. The main advantage of this type of aerofoil is the development of shockwaves further away then traditional aerofoils and thus greatly reducing the shock induced boundary layer separation. Relating the Theory to the Experiment The critical Mach number for both the supercritical aerofoil and NACA0012 aerofoil was found to be in the region of 0,72. There is a difference to the nearest 10th but for all intents and purposes we can assume they are the same. This indicates that the minimum Mach number for a shockwave to be produced on the surface of the aerofoils is equal and not influenced via the shape. The pressure distributions of the supercritical aerofoil ( especially at Higher Mach) in comparison to the Naca0012 are more evenly distributed. The experiment confirms the theory that the supercritical aerofoil in comparison ro a conventional aerofoil generates more lift due to an even distribution of pressure over the upper surface. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Supercritical_airfoil) Effectiveness of Supercritical aerofoils. At a Mach number of 0. 45 both aerofoils do not display a shockwave. This is evident from the fact the Cp and Cp* graphs do not intersect at all. We already know this because the critical Mach number is 0. 72 for both. This indicates that either a shockwave was not produced (unlikely), or that the shockwave was produced beyond the trailing edge This means we cannot assess the effectiveness of the supercritical aerofoil at Mach speeds 0,45 and 0. 61. The supercritical Mach numbers show varying results. When the experiment took place at Mach ) 0. 72-0. 3 ( the critical Mach number) the supercritical aerofoil did not produce a shockwave ( Cp and Cp* do not intersect) whereas the naca0012 aerofoil did. The lack of a shockwave formation indicates either the critical Mach number for the supercritical aerofoil is higher then the conventional aerofoil experimental accuracy is lacking. At the supercritical mach numbers ( 0. 81-0. 86) in both the naca0012 aerofoil and the supercritical aerofoi l Cp and Cp* intersect. The large drop in pressure coefficient is evidence of the formation of a shockwave. However, the pressure drop in the supercritical aerofoil is occurring at a pressure tapping further downstream. This confirms the theory that a shockwave is produced further downstream in a supercritical aerofoil This seems to confirm the theory that a supercritical aerofoils design does allow for development of shockwaves further away then traditional aerofoils and thus greater reduction in the shock induced boundary layer separation. In regards to the amount of drag (aerodynamic force) acting on the aerofoils it is worth noting that the pressure distribution at 0. 5 Mach for the supercritical aerofoil is more evenly distributed and ‘flatter’ then the naca0012 aerofoil. There is no indication of a large instantaneous increase in drag taking over. This would therefore confirm the theory that a supercritical aerofoil is effective in greatly reducing the shock induced boundary layer separation. Notes for limitations The experiment is a success since results obtained confir m the capabilities of supercritical aerofoils and their advantages over conventional aerofoils. However, there are a few discrepancies which regarding experimental error and the different aerofoils. First of all the mach numbers tested at 0. 72 and 0. 73 created an inaccurate experiment. Normally, this would not be a problem. However, since the critical mach numbers for both aerofoil’s were in the vicinity of 0. 72 it was expected this was the minimum threshold for a shockwave to be produced over the aerofoil. A shockwave was not produced for the supercritical aerofoil despite the critical mach number value. Therefore, we can conclude that at this speed there are too many inaccuracies to understand what is really going on. We also did not really see a difference in performance at subsonic flow. Granted, the supercritical aerofoil was primarily designed for supercritical mach speed. No useful information was obtained from here. The fact the pressure tappings have different coordinates means that each aerofoil is showing the pressure distribution at a different set of coordinates. This of course, is not as accurate if the aerofoils had the same pressure tappings. For instance, the naca0012 has a pressure tapping at 6. 5% of the aerofoil section and the last ends 75% the rest is unaccounted for. Since the supercritical aerofoil has different pressure tappings it means both aerofoils have different areas which are unaccounted for. This means it is not certain whether or not the graphs are a reliable source of information, yet alone to compare. A digital meter should also be connected that displays the pressure in the two tappings so the aerofoil can be appropriately adjusted to bring it to zero incidence. This digital meter can also be used to display the value of the mercury levels for other pressure tappings, reducing any human errors. In order to increase the accuracy of the pressure distribution over the aerofoil surface, more pressure tappings can be made on the aerofoil. These will improve the pressure coefficient graphs by allowing more points to be plotted, in turn, yielding better information for the position of the shockwave in the supercritical cases and also the critical Mach number for a shock to occur. References 1) http://www. southampton. ac. uk/~jps7/Aircraft%20Design%20Resources/aerodynamics/supercritical%20aerofoils. pdf 2) http://www. nasa. gov/centers/dryden/pdf/89232main_TF-2004-13-DFRC. pdf 3) How to cite Pressure Management on a Supercritical Airfoil, Essay examples

Industry and Market Outlook of Boral Limited †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Industry and Market Outlook of Boral Limited. Answer: Industry and Market Outlook Boral Limited is one of the major Australia multinational companies involved in the business of building and construction materials. The company was established in the year of 1946 and the headquarter of the company is at North Sydney, Australia (boral.com.au 2017). Thus, it can be seen that Boral Limited operates in the building and construction materials. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that this particular industry is becoming a major industry in Australia due to its economic contribution towards the Australian economy (cdn.aigroup.com.au 2017). This particular industry is considered as the third largest industry in Australia that has contributed around 8% towards the Australian gross domestic product (GDP). In Australia, demand of the building and construction materials industry is driven by some of the major factors; they are growth of the population, growth in income, changes in technology, industry activity, consumer sentiment, commodity cycle, and rate of interest, inflation and others. Apart from these, various policies introduced by the government affect the economic contribution of this industry. It is important to mention that a large upstream and downstream supply chain is involved with the Australian building and construction materials industry. Due to the fall in mining related construction and infrastructure investments, it is expected that the current downturn in this industry will be continued. However, it is also expected that the residential contraction activities will become stronger in the coming years giving the necessary boost to this industry (cdn.aigroup.com.au 2017). It can be seen in the recent years that Boral Limited has been able to register impressive amount of profit in the recent years. In the year 2014, with the help to large variety of products, Boral Limited registered $5.2 billion of sales along with $294 million of earnings before interest and tax (EBIT). In the financial year 2015-16, there was a 9% rise in the after tax net profit of the company that is $268 million. Thus, from all these financial figures, it can be observed that Boral Limited has been able to take full advantage of the good economic condition of constriction materials industry of Australia. Considering the current business trend of Boral Limited, it has been forecasted that the company will be able to increase its earnings by 58% in the upcoming financial years (abs.gov.au 2017). Here, a fact for concern is the presence of some factors that has been affecting the attractiveness of investments of Boral Limited. One such factor is inflation rate. High inflation has b een affecting the Australian economy over the years. Due to this inflation rate, investors become less interested in the construction material sector of Australia. In addition, the low rate of interest is another hindrance for Boral Limited to increase their investment attractiveness. As the world economic downturn affects Australian economy, companies become unable to offer high rate of interests on investments to the investors. The same aspect is applicable for Boral Limited as the company is not able to provide high rate of interest on investments to their investors (abix.com.au 2017). References Abix.com.au. (2017).BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRY AUSTRALIA ABIX. [online] Available at: https://abix.com.au/tag/building-materials-industry-australia/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. Abs.gov.au. (2017).8752.0 - Building Activity, Australia, Jun 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/4FB5ACFC0074529ECA2576B00017C434?Opendocument [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. Boral.com.au. (2017).Building Construction Materials Boral. [online] Available at: https://www.boral.com.au/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. cdn.aigroup.com.au. (2017).Australias Construction Material Industry: Profile and Outlook. July 2015. [online] Available at: https://cdn.aigroup.com.au/Economic_Indicators/Construction_Survey/2015/Construction_industry_profile_and_Outlook.pdf [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017].